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Pyrantel is a medication used to treat a number of parasitic worm infections. [2] This includes ascariasis , hookworm infections , enterobiasis (pinworm infection), trichostrongyliasis , and trichinellosis . [ 2 ]
School-aged children are the most commonly infected. [1] In the United States about 20% of children will develop pinworm at some point. [3] Infection rates among high-risk groups may be as high as 50%. [2] It is not considered a serious disease. [5] Pinworms are believed to have affected humans throughout history. [7]
Pyrantel pamoate may induce intestinal obstruction in a heavy worm load. Albendazole is contraindicated during pregnancy and children under two years of age. Thiabendazole may cause migration of the worm into the esophagus , so it is usually combined with piperazine .
In humans, treatment is by anthelminthic medications, such as albendazole and mebendazole. [13] Treatment in animals can be done with a variety of anthelminthics. [1] A high-protein diet, supplemental iron, or a blood transfusion may also be necessary. [1] Levamisole and pyrantel pamoate are also used to treat hookworm anemia and hookworm disease.
Praziquantel is not licensed for use in humans in the UK, but it can be imported when necessary on a named-patient basis. [36] It is available in the UK as a veterinary anthelmintic. Praziquantel is FDA approved in the US for the treatment of schistosomiasis and liver flukes, although it is effective in other infections.
Drenching Merino hoggets, Walcha, NSW U.S. soldiers treating animals with de-worming medication in Eswatini during VETCAP. Deworming (sometimes known as worming, drenching or dehelmintization) is the giving of an anthelmintic drug (a wormer, dewormer, or drench) to a human or animals to rid them of helminths parasites, such as roundworm, flukes and tapeworm.
[3] [5] Other drugs used, though not approved by the WHO, include pyrantel pamoate, piperazine, piperazine citrate, tetrachloroethylene, and levamisole. [3] In mass deworming programs, all children are given the medication, whether they are infected or not. In endemic areas, the deworming needs to be repeated regularly. [3]
The typical adult therapy for oesophagostomiasis is a single 400 mg dose of albendazole (200 mg for children) or pyrantel pamoate. [7] Albendazole works by binding to the free beta tubulin, which inhibits tubulin polymerization. This results in the inhibition of glucose uptake by the Oesophagostomum.