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Enamel-dentin Fractures Enamel-dentin fractures (uncomplicated crown fracture) exhibit visible loss of enamel and dentin without exposing the dental pulp. When performing a clinical examination, the dentist will usually find a vital tooth with no sensitivity to percussion and no mobility.
Decalcification removes the enamel from teeth and leaves only the organic interior intact, which comprises dentine and cementine. [56] Enamel is quickly decalcified in acids, [57] perhaps by dissolution by plant acids or via diagenetic solutions, or in the stomachs of vertebrate predators. [56]
Dentin (/ ˈ d ɛ n t ɪ n / DEN-tin) (American English) or dentine (/ ˈ d ɛ n ˌ t iː n / DEN-teen or / ˌ d ɛ n ˈ t iː n / DEN-TEEN) (British English) (Latin: substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth. It is usually covered by enamel on ...
Tooth remineralization is the natural repair process for non-cavitated tooth lesions, [1] [2] in which calcium, phosphate and sometimes fluoride ions are deposited into crystal voids in demineralised enamel. Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and function within tooth structure.
Enamel hypocalcification is a defect of tooth enamel in which normal amounts of enamel are produced but are hypomineralized. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this defect the enamel is softer than normal. Some areas in enamel are hypocalcified: enamel spindles, enamel tufts, and enamel lamellae.
The enamel on primary teeth has a more opaque crystalline form and thus appears whiter than on permanent teeth. The large amount of mineral in enamel accounts not only for its strength but also for its brittleness. [6] Tooth enamel ranks 5 on Mohs hardness scale (between steel and titanium) and has a Young's modulus of 83 GPa. [4]
Approximately 96% of tooth enamel is composed of minerals. [44] These minerals, especially hydroxyapatite, will become soluble when exposed to acidic environments. Enamel begins to demineralize at a pH of 5.5. [45] Dentin and cementum are more susceptible to caries than enamel because they have lower mineral content. [46]
The dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) is an intricate biomechanical interface that forms the boundary between the highly mineralised enamel and the collagen-rich dentin. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, consisting predominantly of hydroxyapatite crystals. At the same time, dentin is a more flexible tissue with a lower mineral content ...