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The researcher attempts to describe accurately the interaction between the instrument (or the human senses) and the entity being observed.If instrumentation is involved, the researcher is expected to calibrate his/her instrument by applying it to known standard objects and documenting the results before applying it to unknown objects.
Empirical evidence is evidence obtained through sense experience or experimental procedure. It is of central importance to the sciences and plays a role in various other fields, like epistemology and law.
In the applied sciences, normative science is a type of information that is developed, presented, or interpreted based on an assumed, usually unstated, preference for a particular outcome, policy or class of policies or outcomes. [1]
Normativity is the phenomenon in human societies of designating some actions or outcomes as good, desirable, or permissible, and others as bad, undesirable, or impermissible.
In the philosophy of economics, economics is often divided into positive (or descriptive) and normative (or prescriptive) economics.Positive economics focuses on the description, quantification and explanation of economic phenomena, [1] while normative economics discusses prescriptions for what actions individuals or societies should or should not take.
Empiric therapy or empirical therapy is medical treatment or therapy based on experience [1] and, more specifically, therapy begun on the basis of a clinical "educated guess" in the absence of complete or perfect information.
In statistics, an empirical distribution function (a.k.a. an empirical cumulative distribution function, eCDF) is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample. [1]
Branching type particle methodologies with varying population sizes were also developed in the end of the 1990s by Dan Crisan, Jessica Gaines and Terry Lyons, [49] [50] [51] and by Dan Crisan, Pierre Del Moral and Terry Lyons. [52] Further developments in this field were described in 1999 to 2001 by P. Del Moral, A. Guionnet and L. Miclo. [30 ...