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A 1992 World Health Organization report described normal human semen as having a volume of 2 mL or greater, pH of 7.2 to 8.0, sperm concentration of 20×10 6 spermatozoa/mL or more, sperm count of 40×10 6 spermatozoa per ejaculate or more, and motility of 50% or more with forward progression (categories a and b) of 25% or more with rapid ...
A semen analysis (plural: semen analyses), also called seminogram or spermiogram, evaluates certain characteristics of a male's semen and the sperm contained therein. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is done to help evaluate male fertility , whether for those seeking pregnancy or verifying the success of vasectomy .
In the XY sex-determination system, the female-provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male-provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female (XX) or male (XY) offspring, respectively. Hormone levels in the male parent affect the sex ratio of sperm in humans. [25]
Sperm quantity and quality are the main parameters in semen quality, which is a measure of the ability of semen to accomplish fertilization. Thus, in humans, it is a measure of fertility in a man . The genetic quality of sperm, as well as its volume and motility, all typically decrease with age . [ 17 ]
The male reproductive system contains two main divisions: the testicles where sperm are produced, and the penis where semen is ejaculated through the urethra. In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity. Having the testicles outside the abdomen facilitates temperature regulation of the sperm, which require specific ...
Collecting the sperm at home gives a higher sperm concentration, sperm count, and motility, particularly if the sperm is collected via sexual intercourse. [35] If the semen sample is to be collected by masturbation, a specimen from the early stages of the ejaculation should be placed into a clean, unused, sealed collection cup.
To get that value, two different variables are multiplied: sperm concentration—the number of sperm per millimeter of semen—and semen volume, which is exactly what it sounds like.
Males from India had a 30.3% decline in sperm count, 22.9% decline in sperm motility, and a 51% decrease in morphology over a span of a decade. Doctors in India disclosed that the sperm count of a fertile Indian male had decreased by a third over a span of three decades. [80]