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NaHCO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 O + CO 2 (g) A mixture of sodium bicarbonate and polyethylene glycol such as PegLyte, [ 40 ] dissolved in water and taken orally, is an effective gastrointestinal lavage preparation and laxative prior to gastrointestinal surgery, gastroscopy , etc. [ citation needed ]
They range from those of water at very low concentrations approaching 0% HCl to values for fuming hydrochloric acid at over 40% HCl. [31] [32] [33] Hydrochloric acid as the binary (two-component) mixture of HCl and H 2 O has a constant-boiling azeotrope at 20.2% HCl and 108.6 °C (381.8 K; 227.5 °F).
A hot water solution containing 73.1% (mass) of NaOH is a eutectic that solidifies at about 62.63 °C as an intimate mix of anhydrous and monohydrate crystals. [ 21 ] [ 20 ] A second stable eutectic composition is 45.4% (mass) of NaOH, that solidifies at about 4.9 °C into a mixture of crystals of the dihydrate and of the 3.5-hydrate.
In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). Upon contact, H 2 O and HCl combine to form hydronium cations [H 3 O] + and chloride anions Cl − through a reversible chemical reaction: HCl + H 2 O → [H 3 O] + + Cl −. The resulting solution is called hydrochloric acid and is a strong acid.
In moist air, CH 3 CH 2 ONa hydrolyses rapidly to sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The conversion is not obvious and typical samples of CH 3 CH 2 ONa are contaminated with NaOH. In moisture -free air, solid sodium ethoxide can form sodium ethyl carbonate from fixation of carbon dioxide from the air.
Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O), also known as washing soda, is the most common hydrate of sodium carbonate containing 10 molecules of water of crystallization. Soda ash is dissolved in water and crystallized to get washing soda.
The density of the solution is 1.093 g/mL at 5% concentration, [19] and 1.21 g/mL at 14%, 20 °C. [20] Stoichiometric solutions are fairly alkaline, with pH 11 or higher [8] since the hypochlorite ion is a weak base: OCl − + H 2 O ⇌ HOCl + OH −. The following species and equilibria are present in NaOCl/NaCl solutions: [21] HOCl(aq) ⇌ H ...