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The distinguishing characteristic of a gens was the nomen gentilicium, or gentile name. Every member of a gens, whether by birth or adoption , bore this name. All nomina were based on other nouns, such as personal names , occupations, physical characteristics or behaviors, or locations.
Possession of the nomen gentilicium then identified a man as a Roman citizen. [ 2 ] The nomen was an essential element of Roman nomenclature throughout Roman history, but its usefulness as a distinguishing element declined precipitously following the Constitutio Antoniniana , which effectively granted the nomen "Aurelius" to vast numbers of ...
The nomen gentilicium, or "gentile name", [vii] designated a Roman citizen as a member of a gens. A gens, which may be translated as "clan", constituted an extended Roman group of individuals, all of whom shared the same nomen and claimed descent from a common ancestor.
T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952–1986). Henriette Pavis d'Escurac , La préfecture de l'annone, service administratif impérial d'Auguste à Constantin (Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome, No. 226), École française de Rome, Rome (1976).
The nomen gentilicium, or "gentile name", was its distinguishing feature, for a Roman citizen's nomen indicated his membership in a gens. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The nomen could be derived from any number of things, such as the name of an ancestor, a person's occupation, physical appearance, character, or town of origin.
The gens Pactumeia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.Members of this gens are not mentioned by the historians until imperial times, when one branch of the family achieved high rank, holding several consulships during the first and second centuries.
Sons, by comparison, were distinguished by a praenomen, the first or personal name of a Roman male's typical three names (tria nomina). The eldest son was most often given the same praenomen as his father, with others given the name of a grandfather or uncle. [ 2 ]
The chief praenomina of the Porcii were Marcus and Lucius, two of the most common names throughout Roman history.The Porcii Catones favoured Marcus, almost to the exclusion of other praenomina, but occasionally used Lucius and Gaius, another extremely common name, while the Porcii Laecae favoured Publius and Marcus.