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Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [1] [2] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis.
Kief (from Arabic كيف kīf, "Joy, pleasure" [1] [2]), sometimes transliterated as keef, also known as "Dust" and "Chief" a.k.a cannabis crystals among other names, refers to the pure and clean collection of loose cannabis trichomes, which are accumulated by being sifted from cannabis flowers or buds with a mesh screen or sieve.
The bracts surrounding a cluster of Cannabis sativa flowers are coated with cannabinoid-laden trichomes. Cannabis indica plant. The classical cannabinoids are concentrated in a viscous resin produced in structures known as glandular trichomes. At least 113 different cannabinoids have been isolated from the Cannabis plant. [6]
[1] [2] THC and CBD are stored mostly in the trichomes of the plant, [3] and can cause psychological and physical impairment in the user, via the endocannabinoid system and unique receptors. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] THC increases dopamine levels in the brain, which attributes to the euphoric and relaxed feelings cannabis provides.
Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB 1) receptors are thought to be one of the most widely expressed G αi protein-coupled receptors in the brain. One mechanism through which they function is endocannabinoid-mediated depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition , a very common form of retrograde signaling , in which the depolarization of a ...
Gaoni and Mechoulam [25] also described a method for converting CBD to Δ9-THC comprising refluxing a mixture of CBD in ethanol containing 0.05% hydrogen chloride for 2 hours. Percentage yield of Δ9-THC (Δ1-THC) was 2%. [26] [27] Using boron trifluoride, the yield was 70% [28] although purity was not given. [29]
Hashish is a cannabis concentrate product composed of compressed or purified preparations of stalked resin glands, called trichomes, from the plant. It is defined by the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (Schedule I and IV) as "the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from the cannabis plant".