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Drawing from Esoteric Christianity, Greene presented Proudhonian mutualism as a successor to Christianity, describing it as "the religion of the coming age." [ 61 ] Greene proposed the establishment of mutual banks , [ 68 ] which would issue loans at a nominal interest rate . [ 69 ]
Some consider his mutualism to be part of individualist anarchism [6] [7] while others regard it to be part of social anarchism. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Proudhon, who was born in Besançon , was a printer who taught himself Latin in order to better print books in the language.
William B. Greene presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form". [25] Josiah Warren is widely regarded as the first American anarchist , [ 26 ] and the four-page weekly paper he edited during 1833, The Peaceful Revolutionist , was the first anarchist periodical published, [ 27 ] an enterprise for which he built ...
Wright's mathematical theory is based on the premise of a simple two-species mutualism model in which the benefits of mutualism become saturated due to limits posed by handling time. Wright defines handling time as the time needed to process a food item, from the initial interaction to the start of a search for new food items and assumes that ...
The formation of the facultative mutualism requires that the species involved all benefit from their mutual cooperation. This mutualism, though it is to the benefit of said species, is best understood as co-exploitation. Facultative mutualism occurs when species' interests align, so that each may reciprocally exploit the other to the benefit of ...
Protocooperation is a form of mutualism, but the cooperating species do not depend on each other for survival. An example of protocooperation happens between soil bacteria or fungi, and the plants that occur growing in the soil. None of the species rely on the relationship for survival, but all of the fungi, bacteria and higher plants take part ...
Mutualism, also known as the movement of mutuals and the mutualist movement, is a social movement that aims at creating and promoting mutual organizations, mutual insurances and mutual funds. According to the prominent mutualist Gene Costa, the movement encourages and assists the provision of mutual benefits against risks to those accessing its ...
Mutualism may refer to: Mutualism (biology), positive interactions between species; Mutualism (economic theory), associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon; Mutualism (movement), social movement promoting mutual organizations; Mutualism model of human intelligence