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Urban planning in Australia has evolved since early British colonial settlement, and has been heavily influenced by contemporary planning movements in Britain, the United States of America and western Europe. [1] However, over the past century, distinctly Australian responses and solutions to Australian urban issues have developed.
Australia is one of the most urbanised nations, with 90 percent of the population living in just 0.22 per cent of the country’s land area and 87 percent living within 50 kilometres of the coast. [1]
Second-oldest settlement in Australia. [2] Now a part of the Sydney urban area. 1788 Kingston: Norfolk Island: Island settled as part of the Colony of New South Wales. [3] It is now a separate territory of Australia. 1791 Windsor: New South Wales Part of the City of Hawkesbury and Sydney urban area 1794 Richmond: New South Wales
At this number, settlements are too small or scattered to be considered "urban", and services within these settlements (if any) are generally limited to bare essentials: e.g., church, grocery store, post office, etc. Throughout most of human history, very few settlements could support a population greater than 150 people. [citation needed]
The Urban Centres/Localities are designated by dashed red lines with pink fill. Urban centres/localities are statistical divisions delineating the contiguous built up, or urban areas of cities, towns and most small settlements. They are constructed from the smallest statistical output areas (SA1). Also represented are 31 outlined coloured areas.
Settlement geography is a branch of human geography that investigates the Earth's surface's part settled by humans. According to the United Nations' Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976), "human settlements means the totality of the human community – whether city, town or village – with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it."
Urban morphology is the study of the formation of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. [1] The study seeks to understand the spatial structure and character of a metropolitan area , city , town or village by examining the patterns of its component parts and the ownership or control and occupation.
The separate Australian States show some differences in settlement patterns, as demonstrated in the statistics compiled during the 2006 Census: [45] New South Wales had the largest population, and the largest foreign-born population, in Australia (1,544,023).