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Map of Africa by John Thomson, 1813. Much of the continent is simply labeled "unknown parts". Much of the continent is simply labeled "unknown parts". The map still includes Ptolemy 's Mountains of the Moon , which have since been credited to ranges varying from the Rwenzori to Kilimanjaro then the peaks of Ethiopia at the head of the Blue Nile .
There is no agreed upon periodisation for Africa history, with the difference in temporal stages of state formation between parts of the continent providing disagreement. [ 267 ] [ 268 ] Oliver and Atmore proposed Medieval Africa as from 1250 to 1800, [ 268 ] however the European terms "ancient", "medieval", and "modern" have been criticised as ...
Between 1870 and 1914 Europe acquired almost 23,000,000 sq. km —one-fifth of the land area of the globe—to its overseas colonial possessions. Imperialism generated self-esteem across Europe. The Allies of World War I and World War II made extensive use of African labour and soldiers during the wars.
An important difference between Europe and other parts of the inhabited world was the northern latitude. Archaeological evidence suggests humans, whether Neanderthal or Cro-Magnon, reached sites in Arctic Russia by 40,000 years ago. [93] Cro-Magnon are considered the first anatomically modern humans in Europe.
Slavery was widespread in the ancient world in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. [7] [8] [4] Slavery became less common throughout Europe during the Early Middle Ages but continued to be practiced in some areas.
The Scramble for Africa [a] was the invasion, conquest, and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
Medieval maps of the world in Europe were mainly symbolic in form along the lines of the much earlier Babylonian World Map. Known as Mappa Mundi (cloths or charts of the world) these maps were circular or symmetrical cosmological diagrams representing the Earth's single land mass as disk-shaped and surrounded by ocean. [6]
Western Europe was forced to discover new trading routes, as happened with Columbus' travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama's circumnavigation of India and Africa in 1498. The numerous wars did not prevent European states from exploring and conquering wide portions of the world, from Africa to Asia and the newly discovered Americas.