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Nitrogen's effects on agriculture profoundly influence crop growth, soil fertility, and overall agricultural productivity, while also exerting significant impacts on the environment. Nitrogen is an element vital to many environmental processes. Nitrogen plays a vital role in the nitrogen cycle, a complex biogeochemical process that involves the ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. [1] As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century.
Nitrogen is present in the environment in a wide variety of chemical forms including organic nitrogen, ammonium (NH + 4), nitrite (NO − 2), nitrate (NO − 3), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), nitric oxide (NO) or inorganic nitrogen gas (N 2). Organic nitrogen may be in the form of a living organism, humus or in the intermediate products of organic ...
Nitrification could potentially become a "bottleneck" in the nitrogen cycle. [38] Nitrification, as stated above, is formally a two-step process; in the first step ammonia is oxidized to nitrite, and in the second step nitrite is oxidized to nitrate. Diverse microbes are responsible for each step in the marine environment.
Gaseous ammonia that is not deposited forms aerosols by combining with other emissions such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and nitrogen oxides (NO X). Atmospheric reactions among sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, intermediate products, and other gases eventually result in formation of ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) and ammonium bisulfate (NH 4 HSO 4) by ...
Rhizobium: Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium with legumes contributes substantially to total nitrogen fixation. Rhizobium inoculation is a well-known agronomic practice to ensure adequate nitrogen. [5] [6] One of the most widespread species is R. leguminosarum. Bradyrhizobium spp. (in particular Bradyrhizobium japonicum). [7]
Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients.It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters (lakes, rivers and coastal waters), in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algal growth. [1]
The persistent legacy of environmental feedback that is left behind by or as an extension of the ecological actions of organisms is known as niche construction or ecosystem engineering. Many species leave an effect even after their death, such as coral skeletons or the extensive habitat modifications to a wetland by a beaver, whose components ...