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[[Category:Chemistry formatting and function templates]] to the <includeonly> section at the bottom of that page. Otherwise, add <noinclude>[[Category:Chemistry formatting and function templates]]</noinclude> to the end of the template code, making sure it starts on the same line as the code's last character.
In the thermodynamics of equilibrium, a state function, function of state, or point function for a thermodynamic system is a mathematical function relating several state variables or state quantities (that describe equilibrium states of a system) that depend only on the current equilibrium thermodynamic state of the system [1] (e.g. gas, liquid, solid, crystal, or emulsion), not the path which ...
More abstractly, the state may be represented as a state vector, or ket, | . This ket is an element of a Hilbert space , a vector space containing all possible states of the system. A quantum-mechanical operator is a function which takes a ket | ψ {\displaystyle |\psi \rangle } and returns some other ket | ψ ′ {\displaystyle |\psi '\rangle } .
At present, there is no single equation of state that accurately predicts the properties of all substances under all conditions. An example of an equation of state correlates densities of gases and liquids to temperatures and pressures, known as the ideal gas law, which is roughly accurate for weakly polar gases at low pressures and moderate temperatures.
More abstractly, the state may be represented as a state vector, or ket, |ψ . This ket is an element of a Hilbert space, a vector space containing all possible states of the system. A quantum-mechanical operator is a function which takes a ket |ψ and returns some other ket |ψ′ .
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases (such as solid, liquid or gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium.
The state functions satisfy certain universal constraints, expressed in the laws of thermodynamics, and they depend on the peculiarities of the materials that compose the concrete system. Various thermodynamic diagrams have been developed to model the transitions between thermodynamic states.
Helimagnetism: A state with spatially rotating magnetic order. Spin glass: A magnetic state characterized by randomness. Quantum spin liquid: A disordered state in a system of interacting quantum spins which preserves its disorder to very low temperatures, unlike other disordered states.