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According to Cas Mudde, a University of Georgia professor, nativism is a largely American notion that is rarely debated in Western Europe or Canada; the word originated with mid-19th-century political parties in the United States, most notably the Know Nothing party, which saw Catholic immigration from nations such as Germany and Ireland as a serious threat to native-born Protestant Americans. [4]
The development of trade between European traders and native tribes led to native tribes to specialize in fur trade in exchange for European goods. Economic contact between Native Americans and English settlers began in the 16th century and lasted until the 19th century.
Nativists and labor unions also argued for literacy tests, arguing that it would stop illiterate immigrants from Southern or Eastern Europe. In the 1970s, the immigration reductionism movement, which exists to this day, was formed. In the 2010s, the Tea Party Movement, which split off from the Republican Party, brought a new form of nativism.
Native Americans made use of the trade goods received, particularly knives, axes, and guns. The fur trade provided a stable source of income for many Native Americans until the mid-19th century when changing fashion trends in Europe and a decline in the beaver population in North America brought about a collapse in demand for fur. [16]
One of the major foreign policy goals of the Adams administration was the expansion of American trade. [148] His administration reached reciprocity treaties with a number of nations, including Denmark , the Hanseatic League , the Scandinavian countries, Prussia , and the Federal Republic of Central America .
The triangle trade in a sense was an agreement for established trade routes, that led to greater global integration, which ultimately contributed to globalization. [ 23 ] Along with the control Europe gained, as far as global trade, came several treaties and laws.
Religious zeal played a large role in Spanish and Portuguese overseas activities. While the Pope himself was a political power to be heeded (as evidenced by his authority to decree whole continents open to colonization by particular kings), the Church also sent missionaries to convert the indigenous peoples of other continents to the Catholic faith.
However, Congress lacked the power to regulate foreign commerce or compel the states to follow a unified trade policy, and Britain proved unwilling to negotiate. [63] While trade with the British did not fully recover, the U.S. expanded trade with France, the Netherlands, Portugal, and other European countries.