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The most common form is the quarter-wave monopole, in which the antenna is approximately one quarter of the wavelength of the radio waves. It is said to be the most widely-used antenna in the world. [3] [4] Monopoles shorter than one-quarter wavelength, called electrically short monopoles are also widely used since they are more compact ...
Fixed wireless services typically use a directional radio antenna on each end of the signal (e.g., on each building). These antennas are generally larger than those seen in Wi-Fi setups and are designed for outdoor use. Several types of radio antennas are available that accommodate various weather conditions, signal distances and bandwidths.
Traveling wave antennas Traveling wave antennas are notably one of the few types of antennas that are normally not self resonant: Electrical waves induced by received radio waves travel through the antenna wire in the direction that the arriving RF signals are travelling. Only electrical waves traveling toward the feedpoint are collected; waves ...
The length of a whip antenna is determined by the wavelength of the radio waves it is used with. Their length varies from compact electrically short antennas 1 / 10 wavelength long, up to 5 / 8 wavelength to improve directivity. The most common type is the quarter-wave whip, which is approximately 1 / 4 wavelength long.
An advantage of traveling wave antennas is that since they are nonresonant they often have a wider bandwidth than resonant antennas. Common types of traveling wave antenna are the Beverage antenna, axial-mode helical antenna, and rhombic antenna. Traveling-wave antennas fall into two general categories: slow-wave antennas, and fast-wave antennas.
For instance, if a radio wave passing a given location has a flux of 1 pW / m 2 (10 −12 Watts per square meter) and an antenna has an effective area of 12 m 2, then the antenna would deliver 12 pW of RF power to the receiver (30 microvolts RMS at 75 ohms). Since the receiving antenna is not equally sensitive to signals received from all ...