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The Old Bedford River, photographed from the bridge at Welney, Norfolk (2008); the camera is looking downstream, south-west of the bridge. The Bedford Level experiment was a series of observations carried out along a 6-mile (10 km) length of the Old Bedford River on the Bedford Level of the Cambridgeshire Fens in the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries to deny the curvature ...
Refraction can give the impression that Earth's surface is flat, curved more convexly than it is, or even that it is concave (this is what happened in various trials of the Bedford Level experiment). The phenomenon of variable atmospheric bending can be seen when distant objects appear to be broken into pieces or even turned upside down.
To fairly represent the Bedford Level (or other) experiment, there would need to be 1,000 marker poles placed between the two letters T and A in the above diagram and each of the 1,000 marker poles would be 1 mile (1.609 km) apart, given that the Earth is 24,901 miles (40,075 km) in circumference.
Based on conclusions derived from his 1838 Bedford Level experiment, Rowbotham published the 1849 pamphlet titled Zetetic Astronomy, writing under the pseudonym "Parallax". He later expanded this into the book Earth Not a Globe , proposing the Earth is a flat disc centred at the North Pole and bounded along its southern edge by a wall of ice ...
Henry Yule Oldham, (14 December 1862 – 14 March 1951) was a teacher and geographer who, in 1901, conducted the definitive version of the Bedford Level experiment, a proof that the Earth is a sphere.
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Rowbotham started out as an organiser of an Owenite community at Manea in the Fens, where he formulated his ideas about the Earth.After measuring a lack of curvature on the long straight drainage ditches of the Bedford Levels in his first Bedford Level experiment, he was convinced of the flatness of the Earth and began to lecture on the topic.
The Bedford Level Corporation (or alternatively the Corporation of the Bedford Level) was founded in England in 1663 to manage the draining of the Fens of East Central England. It formalised the legal status of the Company of Adventurers previously formed by the Duke of Bedford to reclaim 95,000 acres of the Bedford Level.