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  2. Conservation and restoration of glass objects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Conservation-restoration is the practice of cleaning and discovering the original state of an object, investigating the proper treatments and applying those treatments to restore the object to its original state without permanently altering the object, and then preserving the object to prevent further deterioration for generations to come (Caple, p. 5-6). [1]

  3. Hardpan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardpan

    In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. [1] There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water. Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil that fuse ...

  4. Glass cutter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_cutter

    A glass cutter is a tool used to make a shallow score in one surface of a piece of glass (normally a flat one) that is to be broken in two pieces, for example to fit a window. The scoring makes a split in the surface of the glass which encourages the glass to break along the score. [ 1 ]

  5. Glass disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_disease

    Glass disease, also referred to as sick glass or glass illness, is a degradation process of glass that can result in weeping, crizzling, spalling, cracking and fragmentation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Glass disease is caused by an inherent instability in the chemical composition of the original glass formula. [ 3 ]

  6. Painted glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_glass

    Painted glass refers to two different techniques of decorating glass, both more precisely known by other terms. Firstly, and more correctly, it means enamelled glass , normally relatively small vessels which have been painted with preparations of vitreous enamel , and then fixed by a light firing to melt them and fuse them to the glass surface.

  7. Early American molded glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_American_molded_glass

    Plates, lamp bases and door knobs were usually made of pressed glass. [28] Molded glass can be easily distinguished from cut glass, since cut glass sparkles with prismatic brilliance as the sharp angles of the cuts in the glass break up light into all colors of the spectrum, and molded glass has a softer, more rounded surface which transmits a ...

  8. Glass casting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_casting

    A bowl made from cast-glass. The two halves are joined together by the weld seam, running down the middle. Glass casting is the process in which glass objects are cast by directing molten glass into a mould where it solidifies. The technique has been used since the 15th century BCE in both Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Modern cast glass is ...

  9. Tiffany glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_glass

    Opalescent glass. The term "opalescent glass" is commonly used to describe glass where more than one color is present, being fused during the manufacture, as against flashed glass in which two colors may be laminated, or silver stained glass where a solution of silver nitrate is superficially applied, turning red glass to orange and blue glass to green.