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Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
This scheme can also be referred to as Simple Binary-Coded Decimal (SBCD) or BCD 8421, and is the most common encoding. [12] Others include the so-called "4221" and "7421" encoding – named after the weighting used for the bits – and "Excess-3". [13]
The convention for digit group separators historically varied among countries, but usually sought to distinguish the delimiter from the decimal separator. Traditionally, English-speaking countries (except South Africa) [34] employed commas as the delimiter – 10,000 – and other European countries employed periods or spaces: 10.000 or 10 000.
An example of a fraction that cannot be represented by a decimal expression (with a finite number of digits) is 1 / 3 , 3 not being a power of 10. More generally, a decimal with n digits after the separator (a point or comma) represents the fraction with denominator 10 n, whose numerator is the integer obtained by removing the separator.
The 10 −7 represents a denominator of 10 7. Dividing by 10 7 moves the decimal point seven places to the left. A decimal fraction with infinitely many digits to the right of the decimal separator represents an infinite series. For example, 1 / 3 = 0.333... represents the infinite series 3/10 + 3/100 + 3/1000 + ....
The duodecimal system, also known as base twelve or dozenal, is a positional numeral system using twelve as its base.In duodecimal, the number twelve is denoted "10", meaning 1 twelve and 0 units; in the decimal system, this number is instead written as "12" meaning 1 ten and 2 units, and the string "10" means ten.
In contrast to decimal, or radix 10, which has a ones' place, tens' place, hundreds' place, and so on, radix b would have a ones' place, then a b 1 s' place, a b 2 s' place, etc. [2] For example, if b = 12, a string of digits such as 59A (where the letter "A" represents the value of ten) would represent the value 5 × 12 2 + 9 × 12 1 + 10 × ...
In mathematics, a real number is a number that can be used to measure a continuous one-dimensional quantity such as a distance, duration or temperature.Here, continuous means that pairs of values can have arbitrarily small differences.