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The Old Bedford River, photographed from the bridge at Welney, Norfolk (2008); the camera is looking downstream, south-west of the bridge. The Bedford Level experiment was a series of observations carried out along a 6-mile (10 km) length of the Old Bedford River on the Bedford Level of the Cambridgeshire Fens in the United Kingdom during the 19th and early 20th centuries to deny the curvature ...
Refraction can give the impression that Earth's surface is flat, curved more convexly than it is, or even that it is concave (this is what happened in various trials of the Bedford Level experiment). The phenomenon of variable atmospheric bending can be seen when distant objects appear to be broken into pieces or even turned upside down.
Henry Yule Oldham, (14 December 1862 – 14 March 1951) was a teacher and geographer who, in 1901, conducted the definitive version of the Bedford Level experiment, a proof that the Earth is a sphere.
Young's interference experiment: Thomas Young: Confirmation Wave theory of light: 1819 Arago spot experiment François Arago: Confirmation Fresnel diffraction due to circular object 1838 Bedford Level experiment: Samuel Rowbotham: Measurement Curvature of the Earth 1843 Faraday's ice pail experiment: Michael Faraday: Demonstration ...
Blount and her husband wanted to provide evidence of the earth's flat surface and they created experiments on the Old Bedford Level Canal over several weeks. [1] Picture of the Bedford Level: "Carried out in misty and very unsatisfactory weather, on May 11th, 1904, before Lady Blount and several scientific gentlemen". [7]
Using scientific surveying equipment such as a Theodolite, the Bedford Level experiment has been repeated and water level tests proved that the water was approximately three feet (0.9 m) higher in the central section, proving that water doesn't stay perfectly flat over long distances and does curve with the Earth's gentle arc.
Rowbotham started out as an organiser of an Owenite community at Manea in the Fens, where he formulated his ideas about the Earth.After measuring a lack of curvature on the long straight drainage ditches of the Bedford Levels in his first Bedford Level experiment, he was convinced of the flatness of the Earth and began to lecture on the topic.
1021 – Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) pioneers the experimental scientific method and experimental physics in his Book of Optics, where he devises the first scientific experiments on optics, including the first use of the camera obscura to prove that light travels in straight lines and the first experimental proof that visual perception is caused ...