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Compared to other Sphagnum species, Sphagnum squarrosum retains fewer spores within its capsules after dispersal, resulting in greater spore release and wider distribution. [ 9 ] Research on island colonization reveals that S. squarrosum is an effective long-distance disperser, successfully establishing populations as far as 40 km (25 mi) from ...
Sporophytes are raised on stalks to facilitate spore dispersal, but unlike other mosses, Sphagnum stalks are produced by the maternal gametophyte. Tetrahedral haploid spores are produced in the sporophyte by meiosis, which are then dispersed when the capsule explosively discharges its cap, called an operculum , and shoots the spores some distance.
Sphagnum fimbriatum faces the same threats as other European wetland species: habitat drainage for agriculture, nutrient pollution from farming, dam construction, and peat extraction. The species shows more resilience than other bog-mosses through effective spore dispersal and colonisation.
Hygromorphy is a common mechanism of seed dispersal as the movement of dead tissues respond to hygrometric variation, [11] e.g. spore release from the fertile margins of Onoclea sensibilis. Movement occurs when plant tissue matures, dies and desiccates, cell walls drying, shrinking; [ 12 ] and also when humidity re-hydrates plant tissue, cell ...
In leptosporangiate ferns, the fern catapults its spores 1-2 cm so they can be picked up by a second dispersal vector, often the wind. [4]Autochory is the dispersal of diaspores, which are dispersal units consisting of seeds or spores, using only the energy provided by the diaspore or the parent plant. [5]
Sporogenesis is the production of spores in biology.The term is also used to refer to the process of reproduction via spores. Reproductive spores were found to be formed in eukaryotic organisms, such as plants, algae and fungi, during their normal reproductive life cycle.
A spore print is made by placing the spore-producing surface flat on a sheet of dark and white paper or on a sheet of clear, stiff plastic, which facilitates moving the spore print to a darker or lighter surface for improved contrast; for example, it is easier to determine whether the spore print is pure white or, rather, very slightly pigmented.
In leptosporangiate ferns, the annulus located on the outer rim of the sporangium and serves in spore dispersal. It consists typically of a ring or belt of dead water-filled cells with differentially thickened cell walls that stretches about two-thirds around each sporangium in leptosporangiate ferns. The thinner walls on the outside allow ...