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Whilst hearing loss is a common symptom in many diseases of the ear, for example in otosclerosis (abnormal bone growth in the ear), [3] the white, chalky patches on the tympanic membrane are fairly characteristic of tympanosclerosis. Cholesteatoma is similar in appearance but the whiteness is behind the tympanic membrane, rather than inside.
Surgery may be recommended if a child has a permanent conductive hearing loss caused by malformations of the outer or middle ear, or by repeated ear infections. Although fluid in the middle ear usually results in only temporary hearing loss , chronic ear infection can cause a child to fall behind in language skills.
The symptoms of hearing loss in babies and children, however, are slightly different, and can be difficult to catch. For instance, a baby with hearing loss may not startle at loud noises.
All three types of otitis media may be associated with hearing loss. [2] [3] If children with hearing loss due to OME do not learn sign language, it may affect their ability to learn. [8] The cause of AOM is related to childhood anatomy and immune function. [4] Either bacteria or viruses may be involved. [4]
Hearing aids and cochlear implants may make the child able to hear sounds in their hearing range, but do not restore normal hearing. Cochlear implants can stimulate the auditory nerve directly to restore some hearing, but the sound quality isn't that of a normal hearing ear, suggesting that deafness cannot be fully overcome by medical devices.
A common condition that results in hearing loss is chronic ear infections. [2] Certain infections during pregnancy, such as cytomegalovirus, syphilis and rubella, may also cause hearing loss in the child. [2] [10] Hearing loss is diagnosed when hearing testing finds that a person is unable to hear 25 decibels in at least one ear. [2]
The link between NSAIDs and hearing loss tends to be greater in women, especially those who take ibuprofen six or more times a week. [36] Others may cause permanent hearing loss. [37] The most important group is the aminoglycosides (main member gentamicin) and platinum based chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin and carboplatin. [38] [39]
Enlarged vestibular aqueducts are commonly picked up after newborn hearing screen when a child is identified as having a hearing loss. The hearing loss is commonly mixed and can be of any degree when first identified. The conductive component is due to a third window effect caused by the widened vestibular aqueduct.