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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... The magnetic flux density (strength of the B-field) ... where r is the distance between dipoles.
In classical electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material.
The interaction was first derived by Enrico Fermi in 1930. [7] A classical derivation of this term is contained in "Classical Electrodynamics" by J. D. Jackson. [8] In short, the classical energy may be written in terms of the energy of one magnetic dipole moment in the magnetic field B(r) of another dipole.
is the normal distance between the two parallel faces of the magnets; is the distance between the magnetic dipole axes of the two magnets. With their magnetic dipole aligned, the force can be computed analytically using elliptic integrals. [7]
The dipole moment density of the array p(r) contains both the location of the array and its dipole moment. When it comes time to calculate the electric field in some region containing the array, Maxwell's equations are solved, and the information about the charge array is contained in the polarization density P ( r ) of Maxwell's equations.
The electric displacement field "D" is defined as +, where is the vacuum permittivity (also called permittivity of free space), E is the electric field, and P is the (macroscopic) density of the permanent and induced electric dipole moments in the material, called the polarization density.
Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction, also called dipolar coupling, refers to the direct interaction between two magnetic dipoles. Roughly speaking, the magnetic field of a dipole goes as the inverse cube of the distance, and the force of its magnetic field on another dipole goes as the first derivative of the magnetic field. It follows that ...
Dielectric relaxation as a whole is the result of the movement of dipoles (dipole relaxation) and electric charges (ionic relaxation) due to an applied alternating field, and is usually observed in the frequency range 10 2-10 10 Hz.