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Eukaryotic Transcription. Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. [1] Gene transcription occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Unlike prokaryotic RNA polymerase that initiates the transcription of all ...
RNA polymerase, assisted by one or more general transcription factors, then unwinds approximately 14 base pairs of DNA to form an RNA polymerase-promoter open complex. In the open complex, the promoter DNA is partly unwound and single-stranded. The exposed, single-stranded DNA is referred to as the "transcription bubble". [6]
The transcription preinitiation complex is a large complex of proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. It attaches to the promoter of the DNA (e.i., TATA box) and helps position the RNA polymerase II to the gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and then starts transcription.
When all σ-factor is present, RNA polymerase is in its active form and is referred to as the holoenzyme. When the σ-factor detaches, it is in core polymerase form. [4] [1] The σ-factor recognizes promoter sequences at -35 and -10 regions and transcription begins at the start site (+1). The sequence of the -10 region is TATAAT and the ...
Position of the template and coding strands during transcription.. When referring to DNA transcription, the coding strand (or informational strand [1] [2]) is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil).
The loop is stabilized by one architectural protein anchored to the enhancer and one anchored to the promoter and these proteins are joined to form a dimer (red zigzags). Specific regulatory transcription factors bind to DNA sequence motifs on the enhancer. General transcription factors bind to the promoter.
[2] [4] [5] It has been shown that DPE-dependent basal transcription depends highly on the Inr (and vice versa) and on correct spacing between the two elements. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 6 ] The DPE consensus sequence was originally thought to be RGWCGTG, [ 2 ] however more recent studies have suggested it to be the similar but more general sequence RGWYV(T).
Termination signals bring a stop to transcription, ensuring that only gene-encoding parts of the chromosome are transcribed. [1] Transcription begins at the promoter when RNA polymerase, an enzyme that facilitates transcription of DNA into mRNA, binds to a promoter, unwinds the helical structure of the DNA, and uses the single-stranded DNA as a ...