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Projection fibers consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord. In human neuroanatomy, bundles of axons (nerve fibers) called nerve tracts , within the brain, can be categorized by their function into association tracts , projection tracts , and commissural tracts .
Neurons are the excitable cells of the brain that function by communicating with other neurons and interneurons (via synapses), in neural circuits and larger brain networks. The two main neuronal classes in the cerebral cortex are excitatory projection neurons (around 70-80%) and inhibitory interneurons (around 20–30%). [2]
Relay interneurons have long axons and connect circuits of neurons in one region of the brain with those in other regions. [5] However, interneurons are generally considered to operate mainly within local brain areas. [6] The interaction between interneurons allows the brain to perform complex functions such as learning and decision-making.
The synaptic connections between a particular GABAergic interneuron, the parvalbumin expressing fast-spiking interneuron, and spiny neurons are close to the spiny neurons' soma, or cell body. [10] Recall that excitatory postsynaptic potentials caused by glutamatergic inputs at the dendrites of the spiny neurons only cause an action potential ...
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches), allowing for the integration of a great deal of information from other neurons. These processes are projections from the neuron cell body. Multipolar neurons constitute the majority of neurons in the central nervous system.
Dopaminergic pathways (dopamine pathways, dopaminergic projections) in the human brain are involved in both physiological and behavioral processes including movement, cognition, executive functions, reward, motivation, and neuroendocrine control. [1] Each pathway is a set of projection neurons, consisting of individual dopaminergic neurons.
It is also known as a projection neuron. They include the neurons forming peripheral nerves and long tracts of brain and spinal cord. [11] with somata usually ranging from 20 to 40μm. [27] Golgi II neurons, in contrast, are defined as having short axons or no axon at all.
White matter tracts within a human brain, as visualized by MRI tractography A nerve tract is a bundle of nerve fibers ( axons ) connecting nuclei of the central nervous system . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In the peripheral nervous system , this is known as a nerve fascicle , and has associated connective tissue .