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Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, [5] to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids as a suppository.
Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and phenylephrine contribute mainly through their vasopressor (vasoconstrictive) functions to constrict blood vessels to correct hypotension. Whereas, dobutamine , milrinone , enoximone , and levosimendan , act to restore the heart’s pumping function. [ 80 ]
α 2 agonist: inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, reduces brainstem vasomotor center-mediated CNS activation; used as antihypertensive, sedative & treatment of opiate dependence and alcohol withdrawal symptoms). Selected examples are: Brimonidine; Clonidine (mixed alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline-I1 receptor agonist) Dexmedetomidine; Fadolmidine
[13] [2] Phenylephrine has replaced pseudoephedrine in many over-the-counter oral decongestant products. [2] However, oral phenylephrine appears to be ineffective as a decongestant. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In 2022, the combination with brompheniramine and dextromethorphan was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more ...
Etilefrine, sold under the brand name Effortil among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent to treat orthostatic hypotension. [1] It is usually used by mouth, but is also available as an injectable. [3] [4] Side effects of etilefrine include nausea, tremors, and palpitations, among others. [5]
Another treatment for hypertension is using drugs that have both α 1 blocking activity, as well as nonselective β activity, such as Labetalol or carvedilol. [19] In low doses, labetalol and carvedilol can decrease the peripheral resistance and block the effects of isoprenaline to reduce hypertensive symptoms.
An adrenergic agonist is a drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors.The five main categories of adrenergic receptors are: α 1, α 2, β 1, β 2, and β 3, although there are more subtypes, and agonists vary in specificity between these receptors, and may be classified respectively.
[22] [23] Hypotension and its complications (e.g., weakness, dizziness) are a constant risk, however, even though selective alpha-1a blockers are being used. It is therefore important when starting treatment with an alpha-1 blocker to monitor blood pressure to minimize the risk for adverse effects connected to low blood pressure.