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Pericles (/ ˈ p ɛr ɪ k l iː z /, Ancient Greek: Περικλῆς; c. 495 – 429 BC) was a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens.He was prominent and influential in Ancient Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, and was acclaimed by Thucydides, a contemporary historian, as "the first citizen of Athens". [1]
After the death of Pericles, the Athenians turned somewhat against his conservative, defensive strategy and to the more aggressive strategy of bringing the war to Sparta and its allies. Rising to particular importance in Athenian democracy at this time was Cleon, a leader of the hawkish elements of the Athenian democracy.
Nicias' rise to prominence occurred while Pericles was at the head of the Athenian government. After Pericles' death in 429 BC, Nicias became an important Athenian politician with the aristocratic (conservative) party looking to him as their leader. As such, Nicias became the rival of Cleon's popular or democratic party. [3]
"Pericles's Funeral Oration" (Ancient Greek: Περικλέους Επιτάφιος) is a famous speech from Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War. [2] The speech was supposed to have been delivered by Pericles , an eminent Athenian politician, at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian War (BC 431–404) as a part of the annual ...
Bust of Pericles, marble Roman copy after a Greek original from c. 430 BC. During the golden age, Athenian military and external affairs were mostly entrusted to the ten generals who were elected each year by the ten tribes of citizens, who could be relied on rather than the variable-quality magistrates chosen by lot under the democracy.
Sparta and its allies, except for Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies that were very nearly unbeatable.In the face of a combined campaign on land from Sparta and its allies beginning in 431 BC, the Athenians, under the direction of Pericles, pursued a policy of retreat within the city walls of Athens, relying on Athenian maritime supremacy for ...
401 Thucydides, Greek historian, leaves account of "Golden Age of Pericles" and Peloponnesian War at his death (History of the Peloponnesian War). 400 Adranon is founded by Dionysius; 400 Aygris annexes Centuripe; 400 Democritus, Greek philosopher, develops Atomic theory, believes cause and necessity, nothing comes out of nothing
Pericles the Younger (440s – 406 BCE) was an ancient Athenian strategos (general), the illegitimate son of famous Athenian leader Pericles by Aspasia. Pericles the Younger was probably born in the early to mid 440s BCE, before 446 according to some scholars, but possibly as late as 440. [ 1 ]