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A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy (apico-+ -ectomy), apicectomy (apic-+ -ectomy), retrograde root canal treatment (c.f. orthograde root canal treatment) or root-end filling, is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material.
The cost of the restoration is typically cheaper than composite restorations. Disadvantages of amalgam include poor aesthetic qualities due to its colour. Amalgam does not bond to tooth easily, hence it relies on mechanical forms of retention. Examples of this are undercuts, slots/grooves or root canal posts.
An x-ray of a root canal operation. Before endodontic therapy is carried out, a correct diagnosis of the dental pulp and the surrounding periapical tissues is required. This allows the endodontist to choose the most appropriate treatment option, allowing preservation and longevity of the tooth and surrounding tissues.
An unusual root canal shape, complex branching (especially the existence of horizontal branches), and multiple root canals are considered as the main causes of root canal treatment failures. (e.g. If a secondary root canal goes unnoticed by the dentist and is not cleaned and sealed, it will remain infected, causing the root canal therapy to fail).
Periradicular surgery should be very considered where previous endodontic treatment has failed, and possible re-root treatment is the preferred option. [4] If re-root treatment is not possible, will not correct the problem or patient factors prevent it, periradicular surgery is indicated.
Root resection or root amputation is a type of periradicular surgery in which an entire root of a multiroot tooth is removed. It contrasts with an apicoectomy , where only the tip of the root is removed, and hemisection , where a root and its overlying portion of the crown are separated from the rest of the tooth, and optionally removed.
These teeth often have thin root canal walls which are susceptible to fracture after treatment. Therefore, complete cleaning and shaping as well as obturation of these teeth are difficult or sometimes impossible, due to high risk of fracture during the procedure [ 48 ] Clinical outcome of regenerative endodontics can be observed within 6 months ...
The post on the left is a tapered post, the one on the right is a parallel post. In post and core fabrication, it is desirable that the post descend at least two-thirds of the length of root canal (or not less than the height of the crown) in order to provide sufficient retention.