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A throttled Comcast user being placed in a BE state "may or may not result in the user's traffic being delayed or, in extreme cases, dropped before PBE traffic is dropped". Comcast explained to the FCC that "If there is no congestion, packets from a user in a BE state should have little trouble getting on the bus when they arrive at the bus stop.
Mechanisms have been invented to prevent network congestion or to deal with a network collapse: Network scheduler – active queue management which reorders or selectively drops network packets in the presence of congestion; Explicit Congestion Notification – an extension to IP and TCP communications protocols that adds a flow control mechanism
Policing (marking/dropping the packet in excess of the committed traffic rate and burst size) [8] Explicit congestion notification; Buffer tuning - [9] allows you to modify the way a router allocates buffers from its available memory, and helps prevent packet drops during a temporary burst of traffic. Bandwidth reservation protocols / algorithms
Stop-and-wait flow control is the simplest form of flow control. In this method the message is broken into multiple frames, and the receiver indicates its readiness to receive a frame of data. The sender waits for a receipt acknowledgement (ACK) after every frame for a specified time (called a time out).
Random early detection (RED), also known as random early discard or random early drop, is a queuing discipline for a network scheduler suited for congestion avoidance. [ 1 ] In the conventional tail drop algorithm, a router or other network component buffers as many packets as it can, and simply drops the ones it cannot buffer.
The packet transmission time in seconds can be obtained from the packet size in bit and the bit rate in bit/s as: Packet transmission time = Packet size / Bit rate. Example: Assuming 100 Mbit/s Ethernet, and the maximum packet size of 1526 bytes, results in Maximum packet transmission time = 1526×8 bit / (100 × 10 6 bit/s) ≈ 122 μs
In telecommunications, frame synchronization or framing is the process by which, while receiving a stream of fixed-length frames, the receiver identifies the frame boundaries, permitting the data bits within the frame to be extracted for decoding or retransmission.
Contention in a wireless or noisy spectrum, where the physical medium is entirely out of the control of those who specify the protocol, requires measures that also use up throughput. Wireless devices, BPL, and modems may produce a higher line rate or gross bit rate, due to error-correcting codes and other physical layer overhead. It is ...