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Viral diseases; Apple chlorotic leafspot genus Trichovirus, Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV) Apple dwarf (Malus platycarpa)
Bitter rot of apple is a fungal disease of apple fruit that is caused by several species in the Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexes. [1] It is identified by sunken circular lesions with conical intrusions into the apple flesh that appear V-shaped when the apple is cut in half through the center of the ...
Apple scab is a common disease of plants in the rose family that is caused by the ascomycete fungus Venturia inaequalis. [1] While this disease affects several plant genera, including Sorbus, Cotoneaster, and Pyrus, it is most commonly associated with the infection of Malus trees, including species of flowering crabapple, as well as cultivated apple.
Haralson with its typical peel coloration from sooty blotch and flyspeck. Sooty blotch and flyspeck is a descriptive term for a condition of darkly pigmented blemishes and smudges caused by a number of different fungi affecting fruit including apples, pear, persimmon, banana, papaya, and several other cultivated tree and vine crops.
The Venturia inaequalis pathogen is a fungal organism that produces similar symptoms across a range of woody hosts. These include the common pear ( Pyrus spp. ), firethorn ( Pyracantha spp. ), mountain ash ( Sorbus spp. ), and most notably both commercial apples along with ornamental crabapples ( Malus spp. ). [ 8 ]
Penicillium expansum produces the mycotoxin patulin, a neurotoxin that can enter the food supply via apples and apple products such as juice and cider. [19] Considering the size of the apple product industry and the large number of people that may come into contact with infected fruits, control of P. expansum is vitally important. [20]
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Bitter pit in the 'Summerred' cultivar Signs of bitter pit beginning on one apple, lower left. Bitter pit is a disorder in apple fruits, now believed to be induced by calcium deficiency. It occurs less commonly in pears. The disease was probably first reported in Germany where it was known as Stippen. [1]