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The useful daylight illuminance calculation is based on three factors—the percentage of time a point is below, between, or above an illuminance value. The range for these factors is typically 100–2,000 lux. Useful daylight illuminance is similar to daylight autonomy but has the added benefit of addressing glare and thermal discomfort. [44]
[3] Reaction to the goals of open architecture and administration by The Linux Foundation have been mostly positive. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] While initial criticism centered on concerns that this group could be used by incumbent technology vendors to stifle innovation, most of the companies signed up as members do not sell incumbent networking technology.
Daylighting (architecture), use of windows for indirect lighting; Daylighting (intersections), improving road visibility at intersections; Daylighting (streams), restoration of a previously buried watercourse; Daylighting (tunnels), opening a transportation tunnel
The history of electric light is well documented, [11] and with the developments in lighting technology the profession of lighting developed alongside it. The development of high-efficiency, low-cost fluorescent lamps led to a reliance on electric light and a uniform blanket approach to lighting, but the energy crisis of the 1970s required more design consideration and reinvigorated the use of ...
Solar tubes, sun tunnels, or tubular skylights consist of a roof-mounted fixed unit skylight element, condensing sunlight, distributed by a light conveying optic conduit to a light diffusing element. [3] Being small in diameter, they can be used for daylighting smaller spaces such as hallways, and bounce light in darker corners of spaces. TDDs ...
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Daylight is the combination of all direct and indirect sunlight during the daytime. This includes direct sunlight , diffuse sky radiation , and (often) both of these reflected by Earth and terrestrial objects, like landforms and buildings.
In architecture, a daylight factor (DF) [1] is the ratio of the light level inside a structure to the light level outside the structure. It is defined as: