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Lidocaine is an antiarrhythmic medication of the class Ib type. [7] This means it works by blocking sodium channels thus decreasing the rate of contractions of the heart. [10] [7] When injected near nerves, the nerves cannot conduct signals to or from the brain. [8] Lidocaine was discovered in 1946 and went on sale in 1948. [11]
Local anesthetic injections are given in specific areas of the mouth, rather than the whole body. Although several different medications are available, the most commonly used local anesthetic to prevent pain in the area around a tooth is lidocaine (also called xylocaine or lignocaine). Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2]
A robust double-blind clinical trial performed in 2003 by Berman et al. [1] compared 30 mL of antacid monotherapy, antacid with the addition of 10 ml of an anticholinergic, and an antacid with anticholinergic with the addition of 10 mL of 2% viscous lidocaine. That study demonstrated no statistically significant difference in pain relief ...
In China, this product (with lidocaine HCl) is named "FONOW ® Ointment (孚诺 ® 软膏, Compound Polymyxin B Ointment) [15] [16]" and is exclusively manufactured and sold by Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co. Ltd. [17] The product was also marketed by the Upjohn Company under the name "Mycitracin", until 1997 when that name was acquired by Johnson ...
Germolene's active ingredients include phenol 1.2% (providing antiseptic, locally analgesic and antipruritic effects) and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.25%. The Germoloids line of Germolene products, intended for use on haemorrhoids , also includes zinc oxide , and the analgesic lidocaine hydrochloride .
Lidocaine/prilocaine is a eutectic mixture of equal quantities (by weight) of lidocaine and prilocaine. A 5% emulsion preparation, containing 2.5% each of lidocaine/prilocaine, is marketed by APP Pharmaceuticals under the trade name EMLA (an abbreviation for Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics ). [ 5 ]
Nerve block or regional nerve blockade is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief. Local anesthetic nerve block (sometimes referred to as simply "nerve block") is a short-term block, usually lasting hours or days, involving the injection of an anesthetic, a corticosteroid, and other agents onto or near a nerve.
Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease sensation in a specific small area. [5] In nerve blocks, it is injected around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space. [5]