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l-DOPA, also known as l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and used medically as levodopa, is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants [2] and animals, including humans. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l -DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l -tyrosine .
Dihydroxyphenylalanine may refer to either of two chemical compounds: D -DOPA (R), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine L -DOPA (S), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, a precursor of a neurotransmitter
Levodopa is available, alone and/or in combination with carbidopa, in the form of immediate-release oral tablets and capsules, extended-release oral tablets and capsules, orally disintegrating tablets, as a powder for inhalation, and as an enteral suspension or gel (via intestinal tube).
Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). [5] [6] It does so using molecular oxygen (O 2), as well as iron (Fe 2+) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors.
Droxidopa, also known as (–)-threo-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-serine (L-DOPS), is a substituted phenethylamine and is chemically analogous to levodopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; L-DOPA). Whereas levodopa functions as a precursor and prodrug to dopamine , droxidopa is a precursor and prodrug of norepinephrine .
The researchers reviewed 601 published trials of older people to investigate whether the efficacy of three medications — DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 agonists — was affected ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include dopa transaminase , dihydroxyphenylalanine aminotransferase , aspartate-DOPP transaminase (ADT) , L-dopa transaminase , dopa aminotransferase , glutamate-DOPP transaminase (GDT) , phenylalanine-DOPP ...
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase (EC 1.13.12.15, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine: oxidative deaminase, oxidative deaminase, DOPA oxidative deaminase, DOPAODA) is an enzyme with systematic name 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating). [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction