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Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit (the peppercorn), which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit is a drupe (stonefruit) which is about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter (fresh and fully mature), dark red, and contains a stone which encloses a single pepper seed.
The Piperaceae (/ ˌ p ɪ p ə ˈ r eɪ ʃ iː /), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: Piper (2,171 species) and Peperomia (over 1,000 species). [4]
Piper, the pepper plants or pepper vines, is an economically and ecologically important genus in the family Piperaceae. It contains about 1,000–2,000 species of shrubs, herbs, and lianas , many of which are dominant species in their native habitat.
Piper abajoense Bornst. Piper abalienatum Trel. Piper abbadianum Yunck. Piper abbreviatum Opiz Piper abellinum Trel. & Yunck. Piper aberrans C.DC. Piper abutiloides (Kunth) Kunth ex Steud. Piper achoteanum Trel. Piper achotense Trel. & Yunck. Piper achromatolepis Trel. Piper achupallasense Yunck. Piper acre Blume Piper actae Trel. Piper acutamentum C.DC. Piper acutibracteum C.DC. Piper ...
The ancient history of long pepper is often interlinked with that of black pepper (Piper nigrum). Theophrastus distinguished the two in his work of botany. [2] The Romans knew of both but their word for pepper usually meant black pepper. [2]: 8 Pliny erroneously believed dried black pepper and long pepper came from the same plant. [2]
The plant (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning.The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is a small drupe five millimetres in diameter, dark red when fully mature, containing a single seed. [4]
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Piperine was discovered in 1819 by Hans Christian Ørsted, who isolated it from the fruits of Piper nigrum, the source plant of both black and white pepper. [10] Piperine was also found in Piper longum and Piper officinarum (Miq.) C. DC. (=Piper retrofractum Vahl), two species called "long pepper". [11]