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Ephriam Shay's locomotive patent of 1881, for example, used double universal joints in the locomotive's drive shaft. [15] Charles Amidon used a much smaller universal joint in his bit-brace patented 1884. [16] Beauchamp Tower's spherical, rotary, high speed steam engine used an adaptation of the universal joint c. 1885. [17]
For example, the cylindric joint consists of an RP or PR serial chain constructed so that the axes of the revolute and prismatic joints are parallel, the universal joint consists of an RR serial chain constructed such that the axes of the revolute joints intersect at a 90° angle;
Repeated joints may be summarized by their number; so that joint notation for the SCARA robot can also be written 2RP for example. Joint notation for the parallel Gough-Stewart mechanism is 6-UPS or 6(UPS) indicating that it is composed of six identical serial limbs, each one composed of a universal U, active prismatic P and spherical S joint.
The very famous example is the joining of piston rod's extension with the connecting rod in the cross head assembly. Advantages: Quick assembly and disassembly is possible; It can take tensile as well as compressive force. Application: Joint between piston rod and cross head of a steam engine; Joint between valve rod and its steam
Inside the hollow torque ball is the driveshaft's universal joint that allows relative motion between the two ends of the driveshaft. In most applications, the drive shaft uses a single universal joint, which has the disadvantage that it causes speed fluctuations in the driveshaft when the shaft is not straight.
Also, although universal joints are simple to produce and can withstand large forces, universal joints often become "notchy" and difficult to rotate as the angle of operation increases. The first type of constant-velocity joint was the Double Hooke's (Double Cardan) Joint which was invented by Robert Hooke in the 17th century. This design uses ...