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Each column consists of lines of blood vessels and urinary tubes and a fibrous material. A hypertrophied renal column (or renal pseudotumor) may be differentiated from an actual renal tumor with the help of a DMSA scan. The scan will show the area as one with normal activity if it is a pseudotumor or will show decreased uptake if it is a cystic ...
Each renal artery branches into segmental arteries, dividing further into interlobar arteries, which penetrate the renal capsule and extend through the renal columns between the renal pyramids. The interlobar arteries then supply blood to the arcuate arteries that run through the boundary of the cortex and the medulla.
Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, [55] which in the multilobar kidney branches in the area of the renal pelvis into large interlobar arteries that pass through the renal columns. [ 10 ] [ 109 ] The interlobar arteries branch at the base of the pyramid, giving rise to arcuate arteries , from which the interlobular arteries extend ...
The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. [1] In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections ( cortical columns ) that extend down between the pyramids .
The adjective renal, meaning related to the kidney, is from the Latin rēnēs, meaning kidneys; the prefix nephro-is from the Ancient Greek word for kidney, nephros (νεφρός). [37] For example, surgical removal of the kidney is a nephrectomy, while a reduction in kidney function is called renal dysfunction.
Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney. This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules ...
The renal medulla (Latin: medulla renis 'marrow of the kidney') is the innermost part of the kidney. The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections, known as the renal pyramids . Blood enters into the kidney via the renal artery, which then splits up to form the segmental arteries which then branch to form interlobar arteries .
The collecting duct system is the final component of the kidney to influence the body's electrolyte and fluid balance. In humans, the system accounts for 4–5% of the kidney's reabsorption of sodium and 5% of the kidney's reabsorption of water. At times of extreme dehydration, over 24% of the filtered water may be reabsorbed in the collecting ...