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Through the 1980s and 1990s, Sony created many versions and variations in the cassette tape Walkman line [4] such as the DD series and WM series. Below is an incomplete list of cassette tape based Walkman models. Sony Walkman TPS-L2, from 1979. Sony Walkman WM-F15, released 1984. Sony Walkman WM-28, early 1980s Sony Walkman WM-F77, Circa 1986.
The Walkman DD was an early series in Sony's Walkman line of portable audio cassette players. The "DD" stood for 'disc drive', with the unit's main motor being directly coupled to the 'disc' of the capstan flywheel assembly while lying perpendicular to it within the unit.
By 1999, 20 years after the introduction of the first model, Sony sold 186 million cassette Walkmans. [26] Portable compact disc players led to the decline of the cassette Walkman, [27] which was discontinued in Japan in 2010. [28] The last cassette-based model available in the US was the WM-FX290W, [29] [30] which was first released in 2004. [31]
This era also saw the rise of component-based stereo systems, and cassette decks too became a staple. Integrated systems, termed "music centers" gained popularity in the 1980s. Table systems and compact radio receivers emerged as entertainment devices, with some offering features like cassette players and CD functionalities.
Portable CD players are powered by batteries and they have a 1/8" headphone jack into which the user plugs a pair of headphones. The first portable CD player released was the D-50 by Sony. [58] The D-50 was made available on the market in 1984, [59] and adopted for Sony's entire portable CD player line.
A major boost to the cassette's popularity came with the release of the Sony Walkman personal cassette player in 1979, designed specifically as a headphone-only ultra-compact wearable music source. Although the vast majority of such players eventually sold were not Sony products, the name Walkman has become synonymous with this type of device.