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The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. They form the lower part of the back in humans, and the tail end of the back in quadrupeds. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.
Articular processes [permanent dead link ] - BlueLink Anatomy - University of Michigan Medical School; Atlas image: back_bone28 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Lumbar Vertebral Column, Posterolateral View" Anatomy figure: 02:01-09 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Superior and lateral views of typical ...
Vertebral foramen - BlueLink Anatomy - University of Michigan Medical School Atlas image: back_bone16 at the University of Michigan Health System - "Typical Lumbar Vertebra, Superior View; Lumbar Vertebral Column, Oblique Lateral View"
The posterior view contains, from superior to inferior, the cervical region encompassing the neck, the scapular region encompassing the scapulae and the area around, the dorsal region encompassing the upper back; the lumbar region encompassing the lower back. the sacral region occurring at the end of the spine, directly above the buttocks.
The anterior longitudinal ligament may be "released", or partially cut, between two adjacent vertebrae. [7] This may be done to treat abnormal curvature in the vertebral column, such as kyphosis. [7] Osteoporosis, some infections, and past back surgery may prevent this surgery. [7]
This reduction in number gives an inability of the lumbar spine to lordose but gives an anatomy that favours vertical climbing, and hanging ability more suited to feeding locations in high-canopied regions. [34] The bonobo differs by having four lumbar vertebrae. Caudal vertebrae are the bones that make up the tails of vertebrates. [35]
The head rests on the top part of the vertebral column, with the skull joining at C1 (the first cervical vertebra known as the atlas). The skeletal section of the head and neck forms the top part of the axial skeleton and is made up of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, and cervical spine. The skull can be further subdivided into:
The lumbar region is sometimes referred to as the lower spine, or as an area of the back in its proximity.. In human anatomy the five lumbar vertebrae (vertebrae in the lumbar region of the back) are the largest and strongest in the movable part of the spinal column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the ...