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Spelling and punctuation before the 16th century was highly erratic, but the introduction of printing in 1470 provoked the need for uniformity.. Several Renaissance humanists (working with publishers) proposed reforms in French orthography, the most famous being Jacques Peletier du Mans who developed a phonemic-based spelling system and introduced new typographic signs (1550).
In French, the grave accent on the letters a and u has no effect on pronunciation and just distinguishes homonyms otherwise spelled the same, for example the preposition à ('to/belonging to/towards') from the verb a ('[he/she/it] has') as well as the adverb là ('there') and the feminine definite article la; it is also used in the words déjà ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents French language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Thresor de la langue françoyse tant ancienne que moderne : 1606 Dictionnaire de l'Académie française: 1694 to present Littré: 1877 Grand Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Larousse: 1982-1985 Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle: 1866-1890 Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes: 1806-1809 Petit Larousse: 1905 to present Petit ...
The Directory (also called Directorate; French: le Directoire [diʁɛktwaʁ] ⓘ) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire an IV) until November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the Consulate.
[1] In the eighteenth century, Creole French was the first and native language of many different peoples including those of European origin in the West Indies . [ 2 ] French-based creole languages today are spoken natively by millions of people worldwide, primarily in the Americas and on archipelagos throughout the Indian Ocean.
French is also the second most geographically widespread language in the world after English, with about 50 countries and territories having it as a de jure or de facto official, administrative, or cultural language. [1] The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where French is an official or de facto language.
This edition was started on 23 March 2001, two months after the official creation of Wikipedia. [1] It has 2,668,272 articles as of 2 March 2025, making it the fourth-largest Wikipedia language version, after the English -, Cebuano -, and German -language editions, and the largest Wikipedia edition in a Romance language .