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Side effects may include irritation of the vein in which it is given, high blood sugar, and swelling. [2] [3] Excess use may result in low blood sodium and other electrolyte problems. [2] Intravenous sugar solutions are in the crystalloid family of medications. [4] They come in a number of strengths including 5%, 10%, and 50% dextrose. [2]
Dextrose 25% and 50% are heavily necrotic due to their hyperosmolarity, and should only be given through a patent IV line – any infiltration can cause massive tissue necrosis. It is MUCH safer to use a Dextrose 10% solution when treating hypoglycemia via IV in children under the age of 14.
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication. [5] [6] It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. [5]As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.
Incorrect dosage can lead to many adverse, hard-to-guess effects, such as death, and varying degrees of deformation or other developmental problems. [ 39 ] It is recommended that parenteral nutrition administration begins after a period of natural nutrition so doctors can properly calculate the nutritional needs of the fetus .
In 2023, the World Health Organization published a new guideline on artificial sweeteners advising against their use to control body weight or reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases. They concluded that replacing sugar sweeteners with artificial sweeteners did not promote weight loss in the long term in adults and children. [50]
Side effects may include vomiting, high blood sodium, or high blood potassium. [1] If vomiting occurs, it is recommended that use be paused for 10 minutes and then gradually restarted. [1] The recommended formulation includes sodium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and glucose. [1]
Glucose syrup on a black surface. Glucose syrup, also known as confectioner's glucose, is a syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch. Glucose is a sugar. Maize (corn) is commonly used as the source of the starch in the US, in which case the syrup is called "corn syrup", but glucose syrup is also made from potatoes and wheat, and less often from barley, rice and cassava.
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis