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3, is in between soft and hard magnetic material and is usually classified as a semi-hard material. [23] It is mainly used for its magnetostrictive applications like sensors and actuators [24] thanks to its high saturation magnetostriction (~200 ppm). Co Fe 2 O 4 has also the benefits to be rare-earth free, which makes it a good substitute for ...
Most non-magnetic materials have a relatively small χ (on the order of a millionth), but soft magnets can have χ on the order of hundreds or thousands. For materials satisfying M = χ H , we can also write B = μ 0 (1 + χ ) H = μ 0 μ r H = μ H , where μ r = 1 + χ is the (dimensionless) relative permeability and μ =μ 0 μ r is the ...
An electropermanent magnet or EPM is a type of permanent magnet in which the external magnetic field can be switched on or off by a pulse of electric current in a wire winding around part of the magnet. The magnet consists of two sections, one of "hard" (high coercivity) magnetic material and one of "soft" (low coercivity) material. The ...
The coercivity is a measure of the degree of magnetic hysteresis and therefore characterizes the lossiness of soft magnetic materials for their common applications. The saturation remanence and coercivity are figures of merit for hard magnets, although maximum energy product is also commonly quoted.
Mu-metal is a soft magnetic alloy with exceptionally high magnetic permeability. The high permeability of mu-metal provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux , leading to its use in magnetic shields against static or slowly varying magnetic fields.
Soft materials are important in a wide range of technological applications, and each soft material can often be associated with multiple disciplines. Liquid crystals, for example, were originally discovered in the biological sciences when the botanist and chemist Friedrich Reinitzer was investigating cholesterols. [10]