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Extension of a coil spring, , caused by an axial force, . Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force. [1] The complementary concept is flexibility or pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff it is. [2]
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
Metal coil springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former – a cylinder is used to form cylindrical coil springs. Illustration of various arc springs and arc spring systems (systems consisting of inner and outer arc springs). Coil springs for vehicles are typically made of hardened steel. A machine called an auto-coiler takes spring ...
Variable spring Resistance of the coil to load varies during compression [8] Variable stiffness spring Resistance of the coil to load can be dynamically varied for example by the control system, some types of these springs also vary their length thereby providing actuation capability as well [9] They can also be classified based on their shape:
The effective mass of the spring in a spring-mass system when using a heavy spring (non-ideal) of uniform linear density is of the mass of the spring and is independent of the direction of the spring-mass system (i.e., horizontal, vertical, and oblique systems all have the same effective mass). This is because external acceleration does not ...
A coil of wire attached to the pointer twists in a magnetic field against the resistance of a torsion spring. Hooke's law ensures that the angle of the pointer is proportional to the current. A DMD or digital micromirror device chip is at the heart of many video projectors .
The springs can be represented by the following equation: p = k y {\displaystyle p=ky} where k {\displaystyle k} is the non-linear spring stiffness defined by the p–y curve, y {\displaystyle y} is the deflection of the spring, and p {\displaystyle p} is the force applied to the spring.