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Mesons named with the letter "f" are scalar mesons (as opposed to a pseudo-scalar meson), and mesons named with the letter "a" are axial-vector mesons (as opposed to an ordinary vector meson) a.k.a. an isoscalar vector meson, while the letters "b" and "h" refer to axial-vector mesons with positive parity, negative C-parity, and quantum numbers I G of 1 + and 0 − respectively.
Three antiquarks of different anticolors, giving an antibaryon with baryon number −1. The baryon number was defined long before the quark model was established, so rather than changing the definitions, particle physicists simply gave quarks one third the baryon number. Nowadays it might be more accurate to speak of the conservation of quark ...
Because mesons are composed of quark subparticles, they have a meaningful physical size, a diameter of roughly one femtometre (10 −15 m), [1] which is about 0.6 times the size of a proton or neutron. All mesons are unstable, with the longest-lived lasting for only a few tenths of a nanosecond.
These lists detail all known and predicted baryons in total angular momentum J = 1 / 2 and J = 3 / 2 configurations with positive parity. [5]Baryons composed of one type of quark (uuu, ddd, ...) can exist in J = 3 / 2 configuration, but J = 1 / 2 is forbidden by the Pauli exclusion principle.
Kaon; Composition: K + u s. K 0 d s. K − s u: Statistics: Bosonic: Family: Mesons: Interactions: Strong, weak, electromagnetic, gravitational: Symbol: K + K 0 K −: Antiparticle: K + K −. K 0 K 0. K − K +: Discovered: 1947 (Clifford Butler and George Rochester at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester)
Significantly, the X and Y bosons couple quarks (constituents of protons and others) to leptons (such as positrons), allowing violation of the conservation of baryon number thus permitting proton decay. However, the Hyper-Kamiokande has put a lower bound on the proton's half-life as around 10 34 years. [2]
Such transitions involve a change of the internal charm quantum number, and can take place only via the weak interaction. In D mesons, the charm quark preferentially changes into a strange quark via an exchange of a W particle, therefore the D meson preferentially decays into kaons (K) and pions (π). [1]
Mesons formed by a bound state of a charm quark and a charm anti-quark are generally known as "charmonium" or psions. [1] The J/ψ is the most common form of charmonium, due to its spin of 1 and its low rest mass. The J/ψ has a rest mass of 3.0969 GeV/c 2, just above that of the η c (2.9836 GeV/c 2), and a mean lifetime of 7.2 × 10 −21 s ...