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Agricultural biotechnology, also known as agritech, is an area of agricultural science involving the use of scientific tools and techniques, including genetic engineering, molecular markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and tissue culture, to modify living organisms: plants, animals, and microorganisms. [1]
Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop production and agriculture, non-food (industrial) uses of crops and other products (e.g., biodegradable plastics, vegetable oil, biofuels), and environmental uses.
Furthermore, this application of effective microorganism biotechnology spans a range of agricultural areas, including soil rejuvenation, crop cultivation, livestock farming, and food preservation. These biopreparations prove particularly beneficial for land preparation and field preparation.
In 1999, the National Institute of Biotechnology was established as the centre of excellence in biotechnological education. [1] To accelerate multidimensional biotechnological research, in 2006, the government adopted the national policy guidelines on biotechnology which was approved by the National Task force on biotechnology. [2]
Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors.
Agricultural science (or agriscience for short [1]) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agriculturists.
Agricultural technology can be products, services or applications derived from agriculture that improve various input and output processes. [1] [2] Advances in agricultural science, agronomy, and agricultural engineering have led to applied developments in agricultural technology. [3] [4]
One practical application involves clay-polymer nanocomposites, which have been deployed in farmland runoff control to reduce pesticide and herbicide contamination, protecting nearby water bodies from exposure [22] [23]. These aforementioned properties are essential for agricultural applications—nanotechnology has been applied to create ...