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There are many issues facing Indigenous people in Australia today when compared with the non-Indigenous population, despite some improvements. Several of these are interrelated, and include health (including shorter life expectancy and higher rates of infant mortality ), lower levels of education and employment, inter-generational trauma, high ...
The term Aboriginal Australians includes many distinct peoples who have developed across Australia for over 50,000 years. [ 11 ] [ 61 ] These peoples have a broadly shared, though complex, genetic history, [ 62 ] [ 40 ] but it is only in the last two hundred years that they have been defined and started to self-identify as a single group, socio ...
Early versions of the map also divided Australia into 18 regions (Southwest, Northwest, Desert, Kimberley, Fitzmaurice, North, Arnhem, Gulf, West Cape, Torres Strait, East, Rainforest, Northeast, Eyre, Riverine, Southeast, Spencer and Tasmania); the region of the tribes which are depicted in this map are shown in the last column of this table.
At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000, [62] divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages. Between 1788 and the Second World War , the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the British Isles (principally England , Ireland and Scotland ), although there ...
The lists are commonly used in economics literature to compare the levels of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious fractionalization in different countries. [1] [2] Fractionalization is the probability that two individuals drawn randomly from the country's groups are not from the same group (ethnic, religious, or whatever the criterion is).
However, by the second generation of contact, many groups in south-eastern Australia were gone. [97] The greatest cause of death was disease, followed by settler and inter-Indigenous killings. [97] This population loss was further exacerbated by an extremely low birth rate. [98]
These and other Torres Strait artists have greatly expanded the forms of Indigenous art within Australia, bringing Melanesian carving skills as well as new stories and subject matter. [21] The College of Technical and Further Education on Thursday Island was a starting point for young Islanders to pursue studies in art.
The Rainbow Serpent is a major ancestral being for many Aboriginal people across Australia. Baiame or Bunjil are regarded as the primary creator-spirits in South-East Australia. Dingo Dreaming is a significant ancestor in the interior regions of Bandiyan, as Dingo formed the songlines that cross the continent from north to south and east to ...