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HLA-DR4 in the MHC is linked to both anti-RNP antibody responses and MCTD. [52] [53] The HLA class II phenotype/genotype most closely connected with scleroderma, HLA-DR5, and its subgroups, has been demonstrated to have a negative connection with MCTD. [54] [55] Another genetic feature of MCTD is the presence of anti-RNP antibodies.
Anti-nRNP is a type of antibody. [1] [2] ... Anti-nRNP antibodies can be elevated in mixed connective tissue disease. [4] See also. snRNP70; References
Anti-ENA is a grouping of antibodies often used to screen for mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus and commonly is composed of six tests: [10] anti-Sm (for SLE) anti-RNP (for MCTD) anti-La/anti-SS-B (for Sjögren's) anti-Ro/anti-SS-A(for Sjögren's) anti-Scl70 (for Scleroderma)
However, some researchers believe that MCTD is a clinically distinct entity and is strongly associated with the presence of titer high in antibodies Ribonucleoproteins (RNP). [4] It is estimated that up to 25% of people with systemic autoimmune disease could be considered to have UCTD. [5]
Thus, anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies were discovered in 1966 and 1971, respectively. In the 1970s, the anti-Ro/anti-SS-A and anti-La/anti-SS-B antibodies were discovered. The Scl-70 antibody was known to be a specific antibody to scleroderma in 1979, however the antigen (topoisomerase-I) was not characterised until 1986.
Anti-RNP antibodies are autoantibodies associated with mixed connective tissue disease and are also detected in nearly 40% of Lupus erythematosus patients. Two types of anti-RNP antibodies are closely related to Sjögren's syndrome: SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La). Autoantibodies against snRNP are called Anti-Smith antibodies and are specific for SLE ...
These autoantibodies, none of which are present in all cases of SLE, include the: a) antinuclear (i.e., ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies; b) anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-SSA, and anti–SS-B antibodies (anti-SSA and anti-SS-B antibodies are associated with less severe forms of cSLE); [30]) c) antiphospholipid autoantibodies including the lupus ...
ANA including antibodies to dsDNA and ENA [including SM, Ro (SSA), La (SSB), and RNP] Nuclear antigens Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, Coombs' test, complement activation: low serum concentrations of C3 and C4, positive immunofluorescence using Crithidia luciliae as substrate, antiphospholipid antibodies (i.e. anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant ...