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Ancient Greek grammar is morphologically complex and preserves several features of Proto-Indo-European morphology. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, articles, numerals and especially verbs are all highly inflected.
Ancient Greek verbs can be divided into two groups, the thematic (in which a thematic vowel /e/ or /o/ is added before the ending, e.g. λύ-ο-μεν (lú-o-men) "we free"), and the athematic (in which the endings are attached directly to the stem, e.g. ἐσ-μέν (es-mén) "we are". [20]
The Ancient Greek genitive can often be translated with the preposition "of" or the English possessive case: ἡ τοῦ Καίσαρος γυνή. [4] hē toû Kaísaros gunḗ. "The wife of Caesar." It is also used after prepositions, especially those which mean "from": ἀπῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς. [5] apêlthen ek tês agorâs.
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή, Hellēnikḗ; [hellɛːnikɛ́ː]) [1] includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek ( c. 1400–1200 BC ), Dark Ages ( c. 1200–800 BC ), the Archaic or Homeric ...
A common idiom in Ancient Greek is for the protasis of a conditional clause to be replaced by a relative clause. (For example, "whoever saw it would be amazed" = "if anyone saw it, they would be amazed.") Such sentences are known as "conditional relative clauses", and they follow the same grammar as ordinary conditionals. [77]
However unlike Atticism, their goal was not to reform the Greek in their day. [ 2 ] The Alexandrine grammarians undertook the critical revision of the works of classical Greek literature , [ 3 ] particularly those of Homer , and their studies were profoundly influential, [ 4 ] marking the beginning of the Western grammatical tradition. [ 5 ]