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Pahari, or Pahadi (पहाड़ी پہاڑی pahāṛī 'of the hills/mountains'; English: / p ə ˈ h ɑː r i /) [1] is an ambiguous term that has been used for a variety of languages, dialects and language groups, most of which are found in the lower Himalayas.
Pahari is an endangered Tibeto-Burman language spoken by about 3,500 people in central Nepal. Pahari is closely related to Newar , and has until recently been treated in the linguistic literature as a dialect of it.
The fourth generation shows a pronounced shift towards bilingualism in Urdu and English, signaling a diminishing proficiency in Pahari. The study suggests a trajectory of language shift from Pahari towards Urdu and English, driven by socio-economic factors and changing societal norms. [4]
The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali. [citation needed] The language has no official status.According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Kulluvi children are not learning Kulluvi as their mother tongue any longer.
It is known by a variety of names, the most common of which are Pahari (English: / p ə ˈ h ɑː r i /; [1] an ambiguous name also applied to other unrelated languages of India), and Pothwari (or Pothohari). The language is transitional between Hindko and Standard Punjabi and is mutually intelligible with both. [2]
As a result, the younger generation is increasingly adopting Hindi and English as primary languages, particularly in family settings, further eroding the use of Pahari dialects. Without written records or sufficient daily interaction with the language, the cultural bond with Pahari heritage is weakening.