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It is a rain shadow wind that results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air that has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (see orographic lift). As a consequence of the different adiabatic lapse rates of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes.
Extrapolated to a hectare, the cooling power of a closed canopy is 35,000 kWh a day. Tokyo as an example of an urban heat island. Cities with constructed surfaces and devegetation are typically warmer than adjacent countryside. This phenomenon is known as urban heat islands. For example Tokyo’s average September temperature has increased by ...
An adiabatic process (adiabatic from Ancient Greek ἀδιάβατος (adiábatos) 'impassable') is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work and/or mass flow.
Warming and cooling of air are well balanced, on average, so that the atmosphere maintains a roughly stable average temperature. [46]: 139 [63] Effect on surface cooling: Longwave radiation flows both upward and downward due to absorption and emission in the atmosphere. These canceling energy flows reduce radiative surface cooling (net upward ...
A common example is the curling of Rhododendron leaves in response to cold temperatures. Mimosa pudica also show thermotropism by the collapsing of leaf petioles leading to the folding of leaflets, when temperature drops. [1] The term "thermotropism" was originated by French botanist Philippe Van Tieghem in his 1884 textbook Traité de ...
Research suggests that slow-growing trees are only stimulated in growth for a short period under higher CO 2 levels, while faster growing plants like liana benefit in the long term. In general, but especially in rainforests , this means that liana become the prevalent species; and because they decompose much faster than trees their carbon ...
The Otto Cycle is an example of a reversible thermodynamic cycle. 1→2: Isentropic / adiabatic expansion: Constant entropy (s), Decrease in pressure (P), Increase in volume (v), Decrease in temperature (T)
Atmospheric thermodynamics is the study of heat-to-work transformations (and their reverse) that take place in the Earth's atmosphere and manifest as weather or climate. . Atmospheric thermodynamics use the laws of classical thermodynamics, to describe and explain such phenomena as the properties of moist air, the formation of clouds, atmospheric convection, boundary layer meteorology, and ...