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However, with a full reading of the Book of Ezra and the Book of Nehemiah, there were four edicts to build the Second Temple, which were issued by three kings: Cyrus in 536 BCE (Ezra ch. 1), Darius I of Persia in 519 BCE (ch. 6), and Artaxerxes I of Persia in 457 BCE (ch. 7), and finally by Artaxerxes again in 444 BCE (Nehemiah ch. 2).
The Arch of Titus, which was built in Rome to commemorate Titus's victory in Judea, depicts a Roman triumph, with soldiers carrying spoils from the Temple, including the temple menorah. According to an inscription on the Colosseum , Emperor Vespasian built the Colosseum with war spoils in 79–possibly from the spoils of the Second Temple. [ 52 ]
Ezra–Nehemiah is made up of three stories: (1) the account of the initial return and rebuilding of the Temple (Ezra 1–6); (2) the story of Ezra's mission (Ezra 7–10 and Nehemiah 8); (3) and the story of Nehemiah, interrupted by a collection of miscellaneous lists and part of the story of Ezra. [2]: 313 Ezra 1–6
According to the Book of Ezra, the Persian Cyrus the Great ended the Babylonian exile in 538 BCE, [14] the year after he captured Babylon. [15] The exile ended with the return under Zerubbabel the Prince (so-called because he was a descendant of the royal line of David) and Joshua the Priest (a descendant of the line of the former High Priests of the Temple) and their construction of the ...
Building of the new temple, the Second Temple, starts in earnest, partially due to the goading of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah. [5] Setting of the Book of Haggai and the Book of Zechariah. [9] Joshua, son of Jehozadak, of the Zadokite line, becomes High Priest of the newly built Temple. [5] 465–424 BCE. Reign of Artaxerxes I. [10] 458 ...
According to the authors of the Book of Ezra, "when the seventh month came… Jeshua son of Jozadak along with his fellow-priests, and Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, with his colleagues, set to work to build the altar of the God of Israel". (Ezra 3:1–2) The Book of Ezra also gives a date for the beginning of the construction of the Temple:
The Rebuilding of Jerusalem. In the 20th year of Artaxerxes I (445 or 444 BC), [4] Nehemiah was cup-bearer to the king. [5] Learning that the remnant of Jews in Judah were in distress and that the walls of Jerusalem were broken down, he asked the king for permission to return and rebuild the city, [6] around 13 years after Ezra's arrival in Jerusalem in ca. 458 BC. [7]
Ezra (fl. fifth or fourth century BCE) [1] [a] [b] is the main character of the Book of Ezra. According to the Hebrew Bible , he was an important Jewish scribe ( sofer ) and priest ( kohen ) in the early Second Temple period .