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In situ gold-bearing vein (in brown) at the Toi gold mine, Japan. In many gold mines exploited during the gold rushes of the 19th century, vein material alone was typically sought as ore material. [8] In most of today's mines, ore material is primarily composed of the veins and some component of the wall rocks which surrounds the veins. [9]
The Guanajuato Mining District, Mexico: This district has been mined for centuries and is known for its high-grade epithermal veins containing gold and silver. [11] The Baguio Mineral District, Philippines: This district is home to numerous epithermal vein deposits, including the Acupan Mine, one of the largest gold mines in the Philippines. [12]
Both can be mined as ore and smelted into a bar using the mining profession. Mithril also appears in the MMORPG Guild Wars 2 as a blueish-silver metal used in crafting. In Defense of the Ancients, the multiplayer online battle arena version of Warcraft, players can buy the Mithril Hammer from the Main Shop.
Hydrothermal vein ore deposits consist of discrete veins or groups of closely spaced veins. Veins are believed to be precipitated by hydrothermal solutions travelling along discontinuities in a rockmass. [10] They are commonly epithermal in origin, that is to say they form at relatively high crustal levels and moderate to low temperatures.
Drift is a more general mining term, meaning a near-horizontal passageway in a mine, following the bed (of coal, for instance) or vein of ore. A drift may or may not intersect the ground surface. [3] A drift follows the vein, as distinguished from a crosscut that intersects it, or a level or gallery, which may do either. [4]
A stringer lode is one in which the rock is so permeated by small veinlets that rather than mining the veins, the entire mass of ore and the enveined country rock is mined. It is so named because of the irregular branching of the veins into many anastomosis stringers, so that the ore is not separable from the country rock. [5]
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In ore deposit geology, supergene processes or enrichment are those that occur relatively near the surface as opposed to deep hypogene processes. Supergene processes include the predominance of meteoric water circulation (i.e. water derived from precipitation) with concomitant oxidation and chemical weathering.