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  2. Inverse transform sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_transform_sampling

    Inverse transformation sampling takes uniform samples of a number between 0 and 1, interpreted as a probability, and then returns the smallest number such that for the cumulative distribution function of a random variable. For example, imagine that is the standard normal distribution with mean zero and standard deviation one.

  3. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio. The ratio is called coefficient of proportionality (or proportionality constant) and its reciprocal is known as constant of normalization (or normalizing constant).

  4. Inverse probability weighting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_probability_weighting

    Inverse probability weighting. Inverse probability weighting is a statistical technique for estimating quantities related to a population other than the one from which the data was collected. Study designs with a disparate sampling population and population of target inference (target population) are common in application. [1]

  5. Exponential distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_distribution

    In probability theory and statistics, the exponential distribution or negative exponential distribution is the probability distribution of the distance between events in a Poisson point process, i.e., a process in which events occur continuously and independently at a constant average rate; the distance parameter could be any meaningful mono-dimensional measure of the process, such as time ...

  6. Inverse-chi-squared distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-chi-squared...

    In probability and statistics, the inverse-chi-squared distribution (or inverted-chi-square distribution[1]) is a continuous probability distribution of a positive-valued random variable. It is closely related to the chi-squared distribution. It arises in Bayesian inference, where it can be used as the prior and posterior distribution for an ...

  7. Inverse-variance weighting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse-variance_weighting

    In statistics, inverse-variance weighting is a method of aggregating two or more random variables to minimize the variance of the weighted average. Each random variable is weighted in inverse proportion to its variance (i.e., proportional to its precision). Given a sequence of independent observations yi with variances σi2, the inverse ...